SYS_EXTRACTION_INIT
DOWNLINKING VECTOR PARAMETERS
DECRYPTING CORE ALGORITHMS...
DECRYPTING CORE ALGORITHMS...
Audit your cloning efficiency. Calculate the average number of plasmid copies per host cell based on miniprep yields.
High-copy plasmids (e.g., pUC19) typically yield >500 copies/cell, while low-copy plasmids (e.g., pBR322) yield 15-20 copies/cell. Low yields may indicate metabolic burden or incompatible origin of replication.